山登の視点(IYamato's standpoint)

現代の社会を見る上で重要な「根元的な視点」二つを以下に紹介する。(Japanese)

生命科学（ドーキンスの『利己的な遺伝子』とヒトの進化）を基本とする

生命の誕生、ヒトへの進化
（RNAが地球上生命誕生の初発物質だとされる。自己増殖はお手のもの。生物基本３欲である食欲、危険回避欲、性欲（増殖）は、それらがなくては地球上に生存して来られなかったという意味で、理解可能でしょう。その生存戦略が囚人のジレンマというゲーム理論を用いて簡単に説明される。そしてヒトに進化した時、ヒトは第４の基本欲である協調性（協力欲）を本性として獲得した。その協力欲なくしては、サバンナで生き残ることはできなかった。21世紀のホモ・サピエンスver2にも記載しました。）

貨幣と経済、特に資本主義社会の問題点

資本主義経済も生物の利己的遺伝子と同じ原理に従う
（貨幣は交換価値を持つゆえ、他の商品と違い、特別とされる。利子により自己増殖するが、それは生物同様、自己増殖する性質がない限り消滅するしかなかったということに由来する。生物同様、無制限環境の（資源が無限にある）時には、“いい人戦略”で皆が自由、平等に協力的に競争し、効率よく経済成長を促した。しかし、すぐに資源は枯渇し、そうした制限環境下では“利己的戦略”が優勢になる。するとお互いが信用できず、心の壁を高くし、結局自身の協力欲を満足させることができずに、皆がふしあわせになる。しかも、資源枯渇時には経済成長が危ぶまれ、投資した資本の回収が不確かになり、そのため皆が債権を我先に回収したくなるため不況をもたらす。地球温暖化問題初め、もはや地球は今の人口を養うだけの資源を持っていないように見受けられる。将来、信用（金）だけが発行され続け、でも地球資源が枯渇して商品を実質生産できなくなった場合、そんな時は、金だけが残るハイパーインフレになるのではないだろうか。 21世紀のホモ・サピエンスver2にも記載しました。）

Two Important and Fundamental Viewpoints when Considering Contemporary Society (English)

Based on the Life Sciences (Dawkins' The Selfish Gene and Human Evolution)

The Birth of Organisms and Evolution into Humans
（RNA is considered to be the first substance that arose when life came into existence on this planet. Its specialty is self-replication, making it reasonable to believe that if the three basic desires of organisms (for food, to avoid danger, and for sex toward reproduce) did not exist, organisms would not have survived on this planet. This survival strategy is explained easily using the prisoner's dilemma game theory. When humans appeared, they acquired a fourth inherent desire: the desire for cooperation. Had they lacked this desire, they would not have been able to survive on the savannah. I also discussed this in Homo sapiens in the 21^st century (ver. 2).）

Problems with Currency, and the Economy (Particularly Capitalist Society)

A capitalist economy follows the same fundamental principle as organisms' selfish genes
（Since currency has an exchange value, it is held to be special, unlike other goods that depreciate or decay. It can self-replicate thanks to interest; just like organisms, if it did not have a self-replicating nature, it would have disappeared. As is the case in the world of organisms, when there is an unrestricted environment (i.e., when there is an unlimited amount of resources), everyone freely, equally, and cooperatively competes based on a good-natured strategy, and economic efficiency increases. However, when resources inevitably dry out, in this restricted environment a selfish-strategy becomes predominant. When this happens, people cannot trust each other, and they put up walls around their hearts. In the end, they are unable to satisfy their own desire to cooperate, and everyone becomes unhappy. Furthermore, when resources have dried out, people become worried about economic growth, thereby leading to concerns that invested capital will not be able to be collected. For this reason, everyone wants to collect his credit at the same time, leading to economic stagnation. It appears that with the issue of global warming and the like, the Earth will no longer be able to support the current population. In the future, only credit (money) will continue to be issued, and goods will be impossible to be produced because Earth's resources will have dried up. When this happens, only money will remain and we will have hyper-hyper-inflation. I also discussed this in Homo sapiens in the 21^st century (ver. 2).）

各種原理の提案(Yamato's proposals of various principles)

生命科学における三つの流れの研究(Researches on three flows in biology)

生命における三つの流れ（物質、エネルギー、情報）に対し、それぞれの研究分野がある。 (Three research fields of life science correspond to respective three flows in life (materials, energy and information).)
　21世紀のホモ・サピエンスver2 にも記載しました。図も参照して下さい。(Refer to Homo sapiens in the 21st century ver2 and also to a figure.)
Reference:
　山登一郎, 原理的なことから複雑な生命現象を(研究室紹介), 理大科学フォーラム 2001, No. 2, 34-35 (2001);
　Ichiro Yamato, From structure and function of proteins toward in silico biology. Quantum Bio-Informatics V. (From Quantum Information to Bio-Informatics) p.473- p.485 (2013) (eds L. Accardi, W. Freudenberg, & M. Ohya) (Proceedings of the International Symposium of Quantum Bio-Informatics Research Center 2011, Chiba) World Scientific, Singapore;
　Masanari Asano, Andrei Khrennikov, Masanori Ohya, Yoshiharu Tanaka and Ichiro Yamato, Quantum adaptivity in biology: From genetics to cognition. p.1-p.173 (Chapter 3, Fundamentals of molecular biology, p.41-p.56) (2015) Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. ISBN 978-94-017-9818-1;
　Ichiro Yamato, Takeshi Murata and Andrei Khrennikov, Energy flow in biological system: Bioenergy transduction of V₁-ATPase molecular rotary motor from E. hirae. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 130, 33-38 (2017);

生体エネルギー変換機構の原理(Principle of bioenergy transduction)

親和性変化仮説(Affinity change model)
Reference:
　Ichiro Yamato, Ordered binding model as a general mechanistic mechanism for secondary active transport systems. FEBS Lett. 298, No. 1, 1-5 (1992);
　Ichiro Yamato, Ordered binding model as a general tight coupling mechanism for bioenergy transduction --- A hypothesis. Proc. Japan Acad. 69, No. 8, 218-223 (1993);
　山登一郎, 二次性能動輸送過程のエネルギー共役機構．薬学研究の進歩（薬学研究奨励財団）１０巻、p.175-p.185 (1994);
　Ichiro Yamato, Yoshimi Kakinuma, and Takeshi Murata, Operating principles of rotary molecular motors: Differences between F₁ and V₁ motors. Biophysics and Physicobiology 13, 37-44 (2016);
　山登一郎, 鈴木花野, 村田武士, 回転分子モーターV₁-ATPaseの回転機構. 生体の科学, 医学書院, 71, No.4, 333-337 (2020);
　Satoshi Arai, Shintaro Maruyama, Mitsunori Shiroishi, Ichiro Yamato and Takeshi Murata, An affinity change model to elucidate the rotation mechanism of V₁-ATPase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 533, 1413-1418 (2020);

生命情報処理機構の原理(Principle of bioinformation processing or information flow in biology)

相互作用ネットワークによる量子論的絡み(Quantum-like entanglement by interaction network)
Reference:
　Masanari Asano, Irina Basieva, Andrei Khrennikov, Masanori Ohya, Yoshiharu Tanaka, and Ichiro Yamato, Quantum-like model of diauxie in E. coli: Operational description of precultivation effect. J. Theoretical Biol. 314, 130-137 (2012);
　Masanari Asano, Irina Basieva, Andrei Khrennikov, Masanori Ohya, Yoshiharu Tanaka, Ichiro Yamato, Quantum Information Biology: From Information Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics to Applications in Molecular Biology and Cognitive Psychology. Foundations of Physics 45, No.10, 1362-1378 (DOI 10.1007/s10701-015-9929-y) (2015);
　Masanari Asano, Andre Khrennikov, Masanori Ohya, Yoshiharu Tanaka and Ichiro Yamato, Quantum adaptivity in biology: From genetics to cognition. p.1-p.173 (2015) Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht. ISBN 978-94-017-9818-1;
　Masanari Asano, Andrei Khrennikov, Masanori Ohya, Yoshiharu Tanaka and Ichiro Yamato, Three body system metaphor for two slit experiment and E. coli lactose-glucose metabolism. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A 374, 20150243 (DOI 10.1098/rsta.2015.0243) (2016);
　Tadashi Ando, Masanari Asano, Andrei Khrennikov, Takashi Matsuoka and Ichiro Yamato: Adaptive dynamical simulation of interference phenomenon for physical and biological systems. Entropy 2023, 25, 1487. https://doi.org/10.3390.e25111487 (2023);
　Tadashi Ando and Ichiro Yamato: Relativity theory by Einstein revisited. Qeios ID: SHG4Y5. https://doi.org/10.32388/SHG4Y5 (2024);

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